The arduino board together with the motor and attachments is called the minseg. Ee 448 laboratory experiment 4 introduction to dc motors 3 accidentally, there is a comp lete loss of the stator field. Discussion a dc motor generator can run either as a motor or as a generator. Sep 30, 2012 operating switch on position m constt constswitch torque range position 10 nmswitch speed range position 6000table 2. A dc generator is used to provide a dynamic, variable load on the shaft of the dc motor in the dynamometer cradle. Experiment 5 dc motor speed control walter scott, jr. The motor you created uses direct current, or dc, to rotate the armature. Testing of dc motor, dc motor testing direct and indirect. The motor is normally part of a lego mindstorms kit. It works very well, and is a great demonstrator of a dc motor or a dc generator.
The direction of the motor was checked and turn in clockwise direction. Discussion a dc motorgenerator can run either as a motor or as a generator. Conclusion in this lab experiment the dc motor speed. However, your dc motor has been carefully designed to withstan d possible over speed conditions. Dc motors although ac motors are used in most of the cases, dc motors have many applications and used for multipurpose applications. Electric energy can be converted into useful work, or mechanical energy, by machines called electric motors.
For this experiment, a reversible, permanent magnet, brushed dc motor is selected. Experiment dc machine dc motors and generators 1800rpm objective. To find out how to reverse the direction of rotation of a series dc motor. Motor property 1 torque is proportional to current question. Principles of operation the construction of a simple bdc motor is shown in figure 1. Its control pins allow us to do the equivalent of swapping over the motor terminals to.
Note that the scope measures the voltage applied to the base of the power transistor as shown in figure l8. The flux in this machine is directly proportional to its armature current at least until the metal saturation. Dcmotors that are used in feedback controlled devices are called dc servomotors 14. Therefore, the flux in the machine can be given by. Ac, or alternating current, uses the same principle of electron flow, but the pole is rotating rather than in one place. Other members of the family are the direct current dc motor or generator, the induction motor or generator, and a number of derivatives of all these three. This eld may be thought of as the sum of in nite contributions db due to all.
For the direction control of dc motor the functionality remains the same as it was in dc motor direction control with arduino in proteus but for the speed control, i have placed an light dependent resistor ldr sensor in the simulation and depending on the value of the ldr sensor the speed dc motor will either increase or decrease. In experiment 3 and 4, the speed of the dc motor was controlled by using an openloop voltage control. Conclusion in this lab experiment the dc motor speed control. The student designs a controller for the given system based on a mathematical model that was provided by the control systems manufacturer, viii. Experimental friction identification of a dc motor. To study the methods of controlling the speed of separately excited dc motor. The purpose of this experiment is to design and implement a closeloop speed control of a dc motor drive. In experiment3 and 4, the speed of the dcmotor was controlled by using an openloop voltage control.
Electric power free energy generator with dc motor 100%. The method of testing to derive the equivalent circuit of a given design is demonstrated. To study the properties of the separatelyexcited dc shunt generator under noload and fullload conditions 2. Dc motors have been known to fly apart under these over speed conditions. Dc motor speed control using pid controller implementation. The performance of the stepper motor is compared to the performance measured for the dc motor in previous labs. Dc motor dc motor theory the dc motor has two basic parts.
Electrical machines for mechatronics laboratory 7 2. Some of the dc motor project ideas are electric lift, electric bell, dc motor powered car, chaff machine, home made fan, electric break, etc. This experiment explores all the possible design connections of a dc machine. In this experiment the mechanical characteristics b and j will be determined. The model of output voltage control of the switchmode dc converter was discussed in experiment. In direct method of testing the generator or motor is put on full load and whole of the power developed by it is wasted.
Science fair projects with dc motor school science. The speed response of dc motor is drawn for a bove circuit see fig. The physics of the dc motor example a linear dc machine 19 consider the simple linear dc machine in figure 1. To obtain the armature voltage vs armature current load curve of the generator. We shall use the same dcmotor for which the parameters were calculated in the previous experiment. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic. You can make any school science experiment mentioned above and demo as your science fair projects. Dc motor, motor constant, mo tor speed control, speedtorque curve, startstop dynamics. An experiment before we get the arduino board to control the motor, we should experiment with the l293d motor control chip to get an idea how it works. Pdf experiment setup for focused learning of advanced servo.
Introduction a series dc motor is a motor whose filed windings consists of a relatively few turns connected in series with the armature circuit. The direct tests can be used only on small machines. Maksimovic the purpose of this experiment is to become familiar with operating principles, equivalent circuit models, and basic characteristics of a dc machine. Electric power free energy generator with dc motor 100% new. An external magnetic field is going through the loop of the circuit up out of the page indicated by the 0 in the plane of the loop. Do not run your motor for more than a minute continuously. We present here a set of simple experiments thro ugh which various. The objective of this lab is to develop and test a closedloop control algorithm for a stepper motor. This gives us a clue as to how the l293d chip works. There are several types of these kits available as noted above, as well as some very simple ones.
The motor we experiment with is a simple dc motor with a wheel and an arm attached. If there are sparks, you may decrease the voltage a little. Flux produced by the shunt field per pole i a armature current the torque developed in the motor is opposed by the torques due to a friction and windage b eddy currents and hysteresis and c mechanical load connected at the shaft. Another name for a coil or loop of wire inductors oppose the change in current. Whence, computing the derivative in equation 12, the back electromotive. Electric generator using dc motor is a simple science project for school students who are interested in science experiments which can be done at home are classroom or any were. This is video i want to show you about electric power free energy generator with dc motor 100% new experiment science project at home. Dc motor voltagetospeed transfer function estimation by stepresponse and frequencyresponse. Induced voltage opposes applied voltage and limits current. Set the derivative of 3 equal to zero to determine the location of the extremum. The armature is made of coils of wire wrapped around the core, and the core has an extended shaft that rotates on bearings. An introductory electric motors and generators experiment for a. The motor we experiment with is a simple dcmotor with a wheel and an arm attached.
Torque exerted by the motor, when a multiple segments commutator is used. Related threads on resistance of dc motor experiment dc motors. Pdf remote laboratories are normally developed for giving students and others remote access to physical laboratory. A schematic representation of an armature controlled dcmotor is given in figure 1. Also studied are the performance and control characteristics of these configurations. The term reversible means the rotation of the motor can be reversed by simply flipping the terminals of the dc power supply. First consider that our uncompensated motor rotates at 0.
To examine the behavior of dc shunt and compound motors under load. Introduction the purpose of this experiment is to examine the construction of a dc motorgenerator, to learn the basic motor wiring connections, and to study the performance characteristics of a shunt and series dc motor. Write experiment title, your name and student number at top of the page. May 24, 2017 for the direction control of dc motor the functionality remains the same as it was in dc motor direction control with arduino in proteus but for the speed control, i have placed an light dependent resistor ldr sensor in the simulation and depending on the value of the ldr sensor the speed dc motor will either increase or decrease. This is video i want to show you about electric power free energy generator with dc motor 100% new experiment science project at. Science fair projects with dc motor school science experiments. Dc machines are most commonly used in control and servomechanism, as well as industrial, applications. The motor features a permanent horseshoe magnet called the stator because its fixed in place and an turning coil of wire called an armature or rotor, because it rotates. The armature, carrying current provided by the battery, is an electromagnet, because a currentcarrying wire generates a magnetic field. Vb to the armature voltage va canbeobtainedbyapplyingkirchhos voltage law 1,4. Operating switch on position m constt constswitch torque range position 10 nmswitch speed range position 6000table 2. By varying the pulse width duty cycle, we are able to create variable speed motor.
Quanser has a dc motor control kit with a user manual that lists at least 67 experiments1. Dc motor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across its windings. Its operation is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in a. Experiment 7 series dc motor i objectives to determine the torquespeed characteristic curve. In an open loop control, the only components in the system. We shall use the same dcmotor for which the parameters were calculated in. Using four rotors made out of four di erent materials would allow us to get very complete data. Electric motors work due to electromagnetic interactions. The purpose of this experiment is to design and implement a closeloop speed control of a dcmotor drive.
November 4, 2016 1 of 21 experiment dc machine dc motors and generators 1800rpm objective this experiment explores all the possible design connections of a dc machine. Dc motor principle a machine that converts dc power into mechanical energy is known as dc motor. There are two types of controls which were made in order to control the speed as well as the current. Brushed dc motor fundamentals microchip technology. The rst major design decision was to build a motor that would facilitate our experiment as e ectively as possible. Armature controlled dcmotor next, note that the angular speed. The dc motor is an attractive piece of equipment in many industrial applications requiring variable speed and load characteristics due to its ease of controllability. The circuit diagram of dc motor speed control based pid controller is shown in figure 4. Have these ready to be checked by lab staff at the door on the day of your lab. This lab allowed us to further investigate the characteristics of the various dc motor speed control schemes. We send in a pulse width modulated signal from port t3 which will drive the motor. Dc motor research is being used to develop systems which can accurately control the movement such motors. In this lab experiment, the dc motor speed control was studied. Performance of dc motors experiment 2 linkedin slideshare.
Model 1 the student sees one experimental setup in each experiment e. System analysis page where the systems openloop response is simulated. The dierential equation relating the armature current ia and the back e. Introduction the purpose of this experiment is to examine the construction of a dc motor generator, to learn the basic motor wiring connections, and to study the performance characteristics of a shunt and series dc motor. This is my version of what others call the worlds simplest motor. To obtain the performance characteristics of a dc shunt motor by load test.
In this particular case, notice that the ux owing in the coil is given by equation 3 substituting with the angle t of the motor and a with the area of the internal surface of the coil. The magnetic force is only able to flow in one direction, so the motor spins in only one direction. Introduction a series dc motor is a motor whose filed windings consists of a relatively few turns connected in. Armature controlled dc motor next, note that the angular speed. Ee 448 laboratory experiment 4 introduction to dc motors 2 i. E x p e r i m e n t 3 characterization of dc motor. Brushed dc bdc motors are inexpensive, easy to drive, and are readily available in all sizes and shapes. A 24 vdc generator actually just another groschopp dc motor is used as the mechanical load.
Dc motor speed control using pid controller implementation by. Since the most basic requirement of a motor is that it should rotate at the desired speed, we will require that. The principle of experimental friction identification results from first newton. We shall use the same dc motor for which the parameters were calculated in the previous experiment. A permanent magnet dc motor can easily be characterized. How to make a simple electric motor science project. Varying its supply voltage can change the speed of a dc motor.
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